Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors demonstrate as a promising technology for effectively treating wastewater. These systems combine biological and membrane processes to achieve high levels of removal for various pollutants, including organic matter, nutrients, and suspended so

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) display significant performance in wastewater treatment applications. PVDF membranes, celebrated for their resistance, are commonly utilized in MBR systems. This article analyzes the efficacy evaluation of PVDF membranes in an MBR system, focusing on key factors such a